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식품 및 식품첨가물공전
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10. 비중측정법
비중이란 물질의 중량과 이와 동등한 체적의 표준물질과의 중량의 비를 말한다.
이 규정에서의 비중은 검체와 증류수와의 각각 t'℃, t℃에서와 같은 체적의 중량비를 말하며 단지 “비중”이라고 기재한 것은 따로 규정이 없는 한, 검체와 증류수와의 20℃에서와 같은 체적의 중량비를 표시하는 것이다. 비중은 따로 규정이 없는 한 다음의 방법 중 어느 하나로서 측정한다.
가. 비중병(피크노미터)에 의한 측정법
비중병은 보통 용량 10~100mL의 병으로서 온도계를 붙이는 갈아 맞춘 마개와 표선 및 갈아 맞춘 뚜껑이 있는 측관이 있다.
미리 깨끗하게 씻고 건조한 비중병의 무게(W)를 마개와 뚜껑을 빼고 검체를 가득 넣은 다음 규정온도보다 1~3℃ 낮게 하고 거품이 남지 아니하도록 주의하여 마개를 닫는다. 이어 천천히 온도를 올려 온도계가 규정온도를 나타낼 때 표선보다 상부의 검체를 측관으로부터 제거하고 측관에 뚜껑을 한 다음 외부를 잘 닦고 무게(W1)를 단다. 다시 같은 비중병으로 증류수를 사용하여 위와 같이 조작하고 그 무게(W2)를 달아 다음 계산식에 따라 비중(d)을 구한다.
d =(W1 - W) / (W2 - W)
나. 모올‧웨스트팔 비중천평에 의한 측정법
이 비중천평을 수평으로 하고 온도계를 넣은 유리제의 추를 눈금대의 오른쪽 끝에 건다. 이를 실린더에 넣은 증류수 중에 담그고 규정온도에서 최대의 라이다를 10의 눈금에 걸어 나사에 의하여 평행토록 한다. 다음 검체에 대하여도 위와 같이 조작하고 라이다에 의하여 평행토록 하고 라이다의 위치에 따라 비중을 읽는다. 이 때 액중에 잠기는 금속침의 길이가 증류수의 경우와 같이 되도록 액면을 조절한다.
다. 비중계의 의한 측정법
규정온도용의 비중계로서 요구되는 정밀도를 가진 것을 쓴다. 비중계는 알콜 또는 에테르로서 깨끗하게 씻은 다음 쓴다. 검체를 잘 흔들어 섞은 다음, 거품이 없어진 때에 비중계를 띄운다. 규정온도에서 비중계가 정지할 때 메니스커스의 상단에서 비중을 읽는다. 다만, 읽는 방법이 규정되어 있는 비중계일 때에는 그 방법에 따른다.
라. 스프렝겔‧오스트왈드피크노미터에 의한 측정법
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)
스프렝겔‧오스트왈드피크노미터(제1도)는 용량 1~10mL로서 양단은 두꺼운 가는 관으로 되어 있으며 그 한쪽의 가는 관(A)에는 표선(C)이 있다. 이에 칭량할 때 화학천칭의 걸이에 거는 것과 같은 백금선(D)(또는 알루미늄선등도 가능하다)을 붙인다. 미리 깨끗이 씻고 건조한 피크노미터의 무게(W)를 단 다음 규정온도보다 3~5℃낮게 한 검체 중에 표선이 없는 쪽의 가는 관(B)을 넣고 다른 쪽의 가는 관(A)에 고무관 또는 갈아 맞춘 가는 관을 꽂은 후 거품이 들어가지 아니하도록 주의하면서 검체를 표선 C의 위까지 천천히 빨아 올린다. 다음 규정온도로 유지한 수욕중에 피크노미터를 15분간 담근 후 가는 관(B) 끝에 여과지편을 대고 검체의 끝을 표선과 일치시킨 다음 수욕에서 꺼내어 외부를 잘 닦은 후 무게(W2)를 달고 다시 같은 피크노미터로서 증류수를 사용하여 위와 같이 조작하여 그 무게(W2)를 달아 다음 계산식에 따라 비중(d)을 구한다.
d =(W1 - W) / (W2 - W)